I am reading some recent scholarship with six graduate students in the fall quarter. The first set of readings includes Frederic Wakeman's “ China and the Seventeenth-century World Crisis ," the first two chapters of Wai-yee Li's Women and National Trauma in Late Imperial Chinese Literature , and James Frankel's chapter “Making Manchus and Muslims” in the edited volume Cosmopolitanism in China. The Chinese collaboration For the previous millennium (1000–2000), China was twice conquered by an alien minority. The first time was Mongol conquest and the second the Manchu. The Mongol Yuan dynasty was short-lived because, among other reasons, the Mongol rulers displaced the Chinese elites institutionally and deprived them of political power. The Manchu, on the other hand, shared power with the Chinese elites, kept their land and privilege , and promised them more. Wakeman provides the following statements regarding how the ethnic Chinese elites who worked for the new
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